Obtaining consistent mandibular denture stability has long been a challenge for the dental profession. In particular, "flat lower ridge" is associated with difficulties in providing successful dentures. Stability of lower denture in such cases is usually the distinguishing factor between success and failure. This article intends to acquaint the reader with the various conservative prosthodontic techniques which can be employed to improve mandibular denture stability in case of an atrophic ridge.

The rationale of recording Centric Relation records is to establish guidelines as starting point to develop occlusion with artificial teeth in harmony with the various structures of masticatory apparatus including TMJ. It aids to maintain physiologic as well as anatomic health of tissues. When maximum intercuspation is coinciding with centric position, it provides stability to the prosthesis thereby preserving the health of remaining tissues (edentulous foundation, remaining natural teeth, musculature and TMJ) is accomplished.

Designing a removable partial denture framework can be complicated for students and dentists. This article suggests a simple and systematic method for the process. In this method, the designing sequence outlines (1) rests, (2) minor connectors and proximal plates, (3) retentive meshwork, (4) major connector, (5) direct retainers, and (6) indirect retainers, respectively.

Establishing the correct occlusal plane after loss of natural teeth, is an arduous task. So a study was done with the following objective: To establish the occlusal plane in the edentulous patient and also to relate the occlusal plane to the maxillo-mandibular space length and height with the aid of cephalometrics. Materials and Methods: In this study the subjects were divided into two categories (a) Dentulous having Angle's class 1 occlusion (b) Edentulous with conventionally fabricated complete dentures. Lead foils were placed at predetermined positions on the mandibular dentures and then lateral cephalograms were taken. Cephalometric analysis was done and different angular measurements were recorded. After that depending upon average values of the height and length of the maxillary-mandibular space, all the subjects in each category were again divided into four groups. Results: Our results indicated that there is significant correlation between occluso-maxillary plane and maxillo-mandibular space length and height. Conclusion: This study can prove helpful for extensive oral rehabilitation cases.

GC Gradia and Signum+ are two different types of ceromer available for clinical use in the last few years. They showed an excellent esthetic and clinical success; however, their fracture strength needed further investigation. The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of these two ceromers in a situation that simulates clinical conditions. Twenty extracted human mandibular molars, similar in their dimensions, were selected and prepared. After tooth preparation, impressions were taken and casts were made. Ten molar crowns were fabricated with GC Gradia and the other 10 molar crowns were made of Signum+ at random. All the molar crowns were luted on human molars with a resin cement named Dual-Cement. After all samples were thermally cycled, they were loaded mechanically to fracture using a universal testing machine (Instron). At the fracture moment, data were registered. Statistical analysis was performed and the results showed that the fracture resistance of GC Gradia (2652/75±511N) is higher than Signum+ (2106/09±304N). A Mann-Whitney test showed statistically significant differences between the two systems ( P = 0.029). Since both systems exceeded the fracture strength required to withstand the maximum masticatory force in the molar region, they can be used to fabricate single molar crowns, but probably GC Gradia can be used with more confidence in the clinic.

Context: Failure to maintain adequate hygiene and surface roughness of the denture have been shown to be associated with a high level of oral Candida colonization. Aims: To evaluate and compare the short term adhesion and long term penetration of Candida albicans into different types of heat cure acrylic materials, with and without denture brush abrasion and to compare the adherence and penetration among these materials. Material and Methods: Three different heat cure denture base materials viz., DPI high impact, DPI conventional and DPI tooth colored were used in the study. Thirty-one test samples were fabricated for each. Nineteen test samples were subjected to brushing. All of them were incubated and examined for adherence using fluorescent microscopy at time intervals of one hour and six weeks, and for penetration after six weeks of incubation. Statistical Analysis Used: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean Candida albicans cells of the various denture base materials at one hour adherence, six weeks adherence and six weeks penetration. Results: There was less surface adherence and penetration in high impact denture material as compared to conventional and tooth colored ones. Conclusions: High impact acrylic resin shows less adherence and penetration of Candidial cells compared to the conventional and tooth colored acrylic resins.Brushing alone does not completely eradicate all the Candidial cells present.Samples brushed initially show more Candidial cells as compared to unbrushed ones.

Esthetics in implantology is a topic currently attracting a lot of attention from dental implantologists all over the world. It includes both white and red esthetics with much greater importance given to red esthetics. An ideal implant position in all 3 dimensions is required. These mesiodistal, apicocoronal, and orofacial dimensions are well described, defining "comfort" and "danger" zones for proper implant position in the anterior maxilla. Adequate bone base is usually a prerequisite for functionally and esthetically optimal reconstruction of the soft tissue architecture around a dental implant. When implants are malpositioned axially, prefabricated angled abutments or custom abutments may be used for restoration to acceptable function and comfort.

The crown and sleeve coping denture is a removable prosthesis that is supported by both selectively retained teeth and the residual ridge or mucosa. It is a versatile and successful means of achieving the long-term restoration of the partially edentulous jaw. Insertion and removal of the denture and routine oral hygiene are easy to perform. The beneficial results of this form of treatment can be considered for a whole variety of clinical applications for the severely advanced periodontitis case. This paper presents a case report on the prosthetic rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with a combined fixed-removable denture for the maxilla and a flexible denture for the mandible.

The maxillofacial patient can experience unique alterations in the normal oral / craniofacial environment because of maxillofacial trauma, congenital defects, developmental anomalies and neuromuscular diseases. In general, there is reduced capacity for residual teeth and tissue to provide optimal cross arch support, stability and retention. The design must take into account the tooth-tissue support considerations and the impact of the altered environment on prosthesis support, stability and retention. The present article is a case report of the rehabilitation of a compromised Aramany class II maxillectomy defect with a definitive hollow bulb obturator.

The key to long-term occlusal stability is providing the correct anterior guidance along with esthetics. Often, little attention is given to the incisal /anterior guidance in prosthetic rehabilitation which equals or surpasses the condylar guidance in its influence upon the functional occlusion. This article presents a conservative approach to restore esthetics and function in a patient having worn anterior dentition with edge-to-edge relationship and reverse smile line.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis is a disease condition considered to be pre-cancerous in nature. Its malignant predilection has been extensively studied by Pindborg and Sirsat. According to a study, this disease condition is found to be in 4 in 1000 adults in rural India with the incidence of malignant transformation ranging from 3-19%. As it occurs chiefly in southern India, we as dental surgeons specifically in Karnataka region often come across such patients, due to the prevalence of betel nut chewing and lack of awareness among the general population. A clinical case in which the patient presented with Oral Submucous Fibrosis along with complete edentulism and salivary gland hypo function is discussed. In this report, a patient with Oral Submucous Fibrosis and related problems in prosthodontic rehabilitation is presented and a technique that improves retention, stability and maximizes functional esthetic and comfort aspects with a conservative approach is highlighted.

Splints and stents are two broad descriptive terms which often overlap in their meaning and usage. A particular appliance may be a splint or a stent or both depending on the function it is to fulfill. A splint may be defined as an appliance for the fixation of a displaced or movable part. A stent is an appliance that maintains tissue in a predetermined position. Splints are often used to hold fractured segments and skin graft, protect healthy tissue during radiotherapy, control hemorrhage, hold periodontal packing and help in drainage of periodontal infection. Uses of splints are extended to special circumstances as in the field of cranio-facial surgeries, orthognathic surgeries and distraction osteogenesis. This article describes the procedure for the fabrication of a modified Kingsley splint for a 20-year-old patient who was undergoing maxillary distraction osteogenesis. This splint was used as an active appliance which would act as a link between maxillary skeleton and distraction appliance and transfer the traction force from the distracter to the fractured segment.